A study suggests atoms can bond not only with electrons in their outer shells, but also via those in their supposedly sacrosanct inner shells Most of us learned in high school chemistry class that ...

A new study finds that shells of the polar plankton Neogloboquadrina pachyderma can record two distinct chemical signals, potentially distorting reconstructions of past ocean temperatures. Researchers ...

In addition to adding strength, this design allows the structure to use its crack patterns to minimize damage into the inner shell. Ling Li, an assistant professor in mechanical engineering at ...