From the 1920s American psychologists experimented with teaching using machines. Inspired, in part, by the expansion of schooling, especially at the secondary level; the success of paper-and-pencil ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Benjamin Wolff covers leadership insights from the world of the arts. Are robots coming for us and our work? The dystopian answer ...

One of Audrey Watters’s observations in her deeply researched Teaching Machines is that ed-tech evangelists seldom make an effort to learn the history of educational technologies. For those ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. In the years following World War II, ...

Education technology has come a long way from the very first attempts a century ago. This week, we’ll explore the history of teaching machines. Today we think nothing of seeing laptops and iPads in ...

As I was reading Audrey Watters’s Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning, recently published by MIT Press, the word “landmark” kept occurring to me.[1] This is a landmark book. It is ...

With machine learning (ML) at the heart of much of modern computing, the interesting question is: How do machines learn? There’s a lot of deep computer science in machine learning, producing models ...

Great documentation is important for humans, but more so for machines. The concept of ‘tiered documentation’ means that both developers and LLMs get what they need. As important as code is, ...